Unfortunatly the syn problem in Outlook persists in Version 2025.01.1, and if you enable the cache mode in Outlook you will not see appointments of shared calendars, if you disable the cache mode it works.
I do not think that this is an Outlook problem, we also manage Exchange Servers for customers and there are no sync issues when using the cache mode.
This seems to be a problem which is still not completely solved.
Florian